"lon" meaning in Old Irish

See lon in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈl̪on/
Etymology: Unknown. Stokes derives it from a Proto-Celtic *luxsno-, from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“to shine”), but MacBain points out that would give *lonn instead. A connection with loch (“black, dark”) would meet the same objection. Etymology templates: {{unknown|sga}} Unknown, {{der|sga|cel-pro||*luxsno-}} Proto-Celtic *luxsno-, {{der|sga|ine-pro|*lewk-|t=to shine}} Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“to shine”) Head templates: {{head|sga|noun||||{{{2}}}||||||||{{{3}}}||{{{pl2}}}||{{{pl3}}}|cat2=|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=|var=}} lon m, {{sga-noun|m}} lon m Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-o-masc|luin|acc_pl=lunu|dat_sg=lun}}, {{sga-decl-noun|acc_du=lon+L|acc_du2=|acc_du3=|acc_pl=lunu+H|acc_pl2=|acc_pl3=|acc_sg=lon+N|acc_sg2=|acc_sg3=|class=o-m|dat_du=lonaib|dat_du2=|dat_du3=|dat_pl=lonaib|dat_pl2=|dat_pl3=|dat_sg=lun+L|dat_sg2=|dat_sg3=|gen_du=lon|gen_du2=|gen_du3=|gen_pl=lon+N|gen_pl2=|gen_pl3=|gen_pl4=|gen_sg=luin+L|gen_sg2=|gen_sg3=|n=|nom_du=lon+L|nom_du2=|nom_du3=|nom_pl=luin+L|nom_pl2=|nom_pl3=|nom_sg=lon|nom_sg2=|nom_sg3=|voc_du=lon+L|voc_du2=|voc_du3=|voc_pl=lunu+H|voc_pl2=|voc_pl3=|voc_sg=luin|voc_sg2=|voc_sg3=}}, {{sga-mutation}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], lon [nominative, singular], lon [dual, nominative], luin [nominative, plural], luin [singular, vocative], lon [dual, vocative], lunu [plural, vocative], lon [accusative, singular], lon [accusative, dual], lunu [accusative, plural], luin [genitive, singular], lon [dual, genitive], lon [genitive, plural], lun [dative, singular], lonaib [dative, dual], lonaib [dative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], lon [mutation, mutation-radical], also llon in h-prothesis environments [mutation, mutation-radical], lon [lenition, mutation], lon [error-unrecognized-form, mutation], also llon [error-unrecognized-form, mutation]
  1. blackbird (a common true thrush, Turdus merula, found in woods and gardens over much of Eurasia, and introduced elsewhere) Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-lon-sga-noun-J1crk0PM Categories (other): Old Irish entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 15 entries, Pages with entries, Thrushes
     
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Irish",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "word": "lon"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Irish",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "word": "lon dubh"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Manx",
      "lang_code": "gv",
      "word": "lhondoo"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Manx",
      "lang_code": "gv",
      "word": "lhonnag"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "lang_code": "gd",
      "word": "lon"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "lang_code": "gd",
      "word": "lon-dubh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*lewk-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewk-"
    ],
    [
      "loch",
      "loch#Old_Irish:_black"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*luxsno-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *luxsno-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*lewk-",
        "t": "to shine"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“to shine”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. Stokes derives it from a Proto-Celtic *luxsno-, from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“to shine”), but MacBain points out that would give *lonn instead. A connection with loch (“black, dark”) would meet the same objection.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Masculine o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "luin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "luin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lunu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lunu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "luin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lonaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lonaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lon",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "also llon in h-prothesis environments",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lon",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "lenition",
        "mutation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lon",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "mutation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "also llon",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "mutation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "var": ""
      },
      "expansion": "lon m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "lon m",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "luin",
        "acc_pl": "lunu",
        "dat_sg": "lun"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "lon+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "lunu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "lon+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "lonaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "lonaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "lun+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "lon",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "lon+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "luin+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "lon+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "luin+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "lon",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "lon+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "lunu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "luin",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 15 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sga",
          "name": "Thrushes",
          "orig": "sga:Thrushes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "blackbird (a common true thrush, Turdus merula, found in woods and gardens over much of Eurasia, and introduced elsewhere)"
      ],
      "id": "en-lon-sga-noun-J1crk0PM",
      "links": [
        [
          "blackbird",
          "blackbird#English:_Q25234"
        ],
        [
          "true thrush",
          "true thrush"
        ],
        [
          "Turdus merula",
          "Turdus merula#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "Eurasia",
          "Eurasia"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈl̪on/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lon"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Irish",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "word": "lon"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Irish",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "word": "lon dubh"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Manx",
      "lang_code": "gv",
      "word": "lhondoo"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Manx",
      "lang_code": "gv",
      "word": "lhonnag"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "lang_code": "gd",
      "word": "lon"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "lang_code": "gd",
      "word": "lon-dubh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*lewk-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewk-"
    ],
    [
      "loch",
      "loch#Old_Irish:_black"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*luxsno-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *luxsno-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*lewk-",
        "t": "to shine"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“to shine”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. Stokes derives it from a Proto-Celtic *luxsno-, from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“to shine”), but MacBain points out that would give *lonn instead. A connection with loch (“black, dark”) would meet the same objection.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Masculine o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "luin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "luin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lunu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lunu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "luin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lonaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lonaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lon",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "also llon in h-prothesis environments",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lon",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "lenition",
        "mutation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lon",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "mutation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "also llon",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "mutation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "var": ""
      },
      "expansion": "lon m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "lon m",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "luin",
        "acc_pl": "lunu",
        "dat_sg": "lun"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "lon+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "lunu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "lon+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "lonaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "lonaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "lun+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "lon",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "lon+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "luin+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "lon+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "luin+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "lon",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "lon+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "lunu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "luin",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Irish lemmas",
        "Old Irish masculine nouns",
        "Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
        "Old Irish nouns",
        "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
        "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Old Irish terms with unknown etymologies",
        "Pages with 15 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "sga:Thrushes"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "blackbird (a common true thrush, Turdus merula, found in woods and gardens over much of Eurasia, and introduced elsewhere)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "blackbird",
          "blackbird#English:_Q25234"
        ],
        [
          "true thrush",
          "true thrush"
        ],
        [
          "Turdus merula",
          "Turdus merula#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "Eurasia",
          "Eurasia"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈl̪on/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lon"
}

Download raw JSONL data for lon meaning in Old Irish (5.2kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
  "path": [
    "lon"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "lon",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.